Dr Who

 Mid shot of female character, Martha Jones framed with two security guards behind, signifying imprisonment, or that she is held captive. In a mid shot, Martha glances to the left creating the impression that she is looking at something or someone.  Cut to a tracking shot left to right shot of three ‘servants’ apparently under arrest, signified by the uniformed guard who is holding an armed rifle. Cut back to the framing of Martha Jones who is looking nervously ahead, the camera shot is taken from a high angle, creating a perspective of fear or not knowing.

 Cut to a mid shot of the Master, from a low angle, this suited character has a menacing appearance to him, the camera cut back to the female as she then looks right, signify continual awareness of what is around her. Cut to an a blackened faced man who is also held captive (Captain Jack) who has ‘been in the wars’.

There is the use of gradual zooms in this sequence of shots to signify the movement of the character as slow, meaningful, perhaps hesitant? This is anchored by the atmosphere of the music as is the Martha Jones who is on parade or about to bow/ become subservient to the Master. • In contrast, earth is represented by the shots of the female character, who is on a journey informing the people of the crucial name they all need to chant: Doctor. Earth is represented as gloomy and in danger. Earth’s inhabitants appear dull and dressed in mundane rags.

 In metamorphosis the doctor is surrounded by a radiant blue light as he changes from a fragile old man to the his real self. The dominance of the field of light is a part of the special effect, which signifies an empowered Doctor. This can clearly be contrasted to the feeble old man who was caged by the Master. A rejuvenated doctor is strong, confident and at the top of his powers, signified by the ineffectiveness of the Master’s ray gun in trying to kill the Doctor.

 The use of costume and performance is important to the extract. The humans are represented by the ‘ordinariness’ of their costume and actions. In contrast, the Master is bold smart and well presented, he is surrounded by armed guards with weapons, the woman to his right in a red dress, is represented as an object as she stands by his side, as do his uniformed male helpers to his left.

 For most of the extract the Master is positioned powerfully in the frame whilst he controls the interior of the spaceship and the characters, the Doctor undergoes a transformation when the Doctor becomes a man again, he is reborn and becomes a powerful challenger to the Master’s powers, which have evaded him by the end of the extract.

 The exposure of the Master’s weapon ‘rings’ and the zap of the laser gun at the end of the sequence, signifies weapon like qualities. These sounds are diegetic and apart of the world of the drama. The pulses of music are used to signify moments of flashback and function as signposts for these narrative changes.

 The wind is harrowing as Martha Jones walks the earth and the metallic jingle, which accompanies the Doctor’s metamorphosis signifies the magic of the transformation.

  Confidence is exuded by the Master’s voice and the dialogue is important in the function of the narrative, for example in his glee and oratory in destroying earth. The voice of the Martha Jones is important and significantly develops and becomes more pronounced, when the extract reveals her role as the messenger, this voice changes from the timid to be more confident and louder as she explains her role in the Master’s downfall.

 The editing is characterised by the use of cut transitions and the use of transitional flash effects to signpost past events. The pacing of the extract is important at the beginning of the sequence it is slow and orchestrated as the female character slowly marches towards the Master – this slowness in the sequence of shots signifies her attention, to what is happening around her.

 The editing is more dramatic and faster paced when the prime minister is controlling the technology and in conversation, where editing provides continuity through the use of character perspective and functions to carry the narrative forward.

 There is plenty evidence of the use of shot reverse shots, for example in dialogue between Martha Jones and the Master. The use of the 180-degree rule is evidenced in the dialogue led drama, these are combined with the shot selections outlined above. The use of the shot reverse shot provides continuity in the narrative as the plot is revealed and develops specific points of view for the audience, particularly in relation to the conversation between Martha Jones and the Doctor. Representation

Martha Jones is shown to be strong woman who acts independently and is a central character of the narrative and is a messenger. She is a confident woman and she who helps the Doctor defeat the Master. She is articulate and confident, yet calm under pressure. The Doctor’s victory was due to Martha spreading the message about the doctor thus helping him and thus sealing their victory.

Film promo research

Jurassic park from Darrel990

Editing

ACTION MATCH When following a single character (e.g. Billy Elliot dancing) this is a purely technical device. However, when an action match is used for intercutting, it can heighten the parallels/contrasts between two different characters in two different situations and offers an
opportunity for juxtaposition.

 

EYELINE MATCH Eyeline match usually provides insight to a character's private thoughts.

FINAL SHOT In any scene, which character or characters are shown in the final shot of the sequence? This is often the character with which the audience is expected to identify.
INTERCUTTING: JUXTAPOSITION Although typically a narrative device, intercutting can set up juxtaposition between parallel storylines, exaggerating the impact or meaning of each by highlighting a point of difference

 INTERCUTTING: TENSION When intercutting is used to draw two storylines together, this can be structured to create tension, and therefore heighten the audience’s identification with a particular character.

 JUMP CUTS These are rarely used in TV or film; when they are, they tend to suggest either a) chaos and disorder, b) self-conscious ellipsis (drawing attention to the rapid pace of the action) or c) a director who likes to break the rules!

 MOTIVATION A motivated edit is any transition forced on the editor by the development of the action, narrative or character. Whenever shot (a) refers to the existence of an event outside the frame, and we then cut to (b) which shows that event, that’s a motivated edit. We can sometimes judge a character’s worth or importance by the number of cuts they motivate.

 PACE OF EDITING This can imply character qualities, especially if only one or two characters are in the sequence. A fast pace might suggest energy or panic (depending on context) while infrequent cuts (long takes) might suggest calm, a casual attitude, or provide documentary-style realism (as in Cast Offs). Similar effects can be achieved with speed ramping and slow-motion.

 PREVALENCE How much screen time does a character get? The more time we see them on screen, the more important their role. This can develop during a scene to change character’s status. 

SELECTION: to show or not to show As film-makers yourselves, it can sometimes be interesting to ask what information has been included or omitted in an edit.

 SHOT / REVERSE SHOTS and REACTION SHOTS S/RS indicates the relationship between two characters: it signifies and sometimes exaggerates their closeness or their opposition (depending on the context). The amount of time given to a character’s reaction shots can convey their status in the scene. For example, if two characters are in S/RS conversation, do they get equal screen time, or do we spend more time looking at one character, speaking and reacting? Equally (though this is also a function of camera, are the two characters framed equally?)

Portrayal of gender

Industry analysis Shari Anne Brill of Carat USA states, “For years, when men were behind the camera, women were really ditsy. Now you have female leads playing superheroes, or super business women”. The stereotypes of women as housewives or presented as sex symbols continued throughout the 1980s and arguably to a lesser extent in the 21st century.                                                                                .                                                              
While the depiction of women is confined to either the housewife or the ditsy bombshell, men are also depicted in unrealistic stereotypes - however, in general these stereotypes embody qualities--courage, stoicism, rationality--that society values.

In TV dramas, from the articles it shows that there are a lot less prominent female characters compared to males characters. During the 50s-70s women were portrayed with less depth and importance as male characters. Especially during children's television there are more male characters compared to female characters.

Prime time television since the 1950s has been aimed at and catered towards males. In 1952, 68% of characters in primetime dramas were male; in 1973, 74% of characters in these shows were male. In 1970 the National Organization for Women (NOW) took action. They formed a task force to study and change the “derogatory stereotypes of women on television.” In 1972 they challenged the licences of two network-owned stations on the basis of their sexist programming. 

In more recent research, NOW have found that:

• On primetime cable news programs, more than three-quarters of the hosts are white men and less than a quarter are white women. None of the hosts are people of color. The typical guest on these shows is white and male; overall, 67 percent of the guests are men and 84 percent are white.
• In children's television, male characters appear at about twice the rate of female characters.
• Animated programs in particular are more likely to portray male characters.
• Females are almost four times as likely to be presented in sexy attire and twice as likely to be shown with a diminutive waist.
• In a study of G-rated films from 1990-2005, only 28 percent of the speaking characters (both live and animated) were female. More than four out of five of the narrators were male. Eighty-five percent of the characters were white.

Gender clip analysis

I will be analysing gender on a clip from 'Wire in the Blood'. During the course of the clip there were more males shown while the only female shown appears to be a main character of the show. The two most prominent characters shown were one male and female.

At the start of the scene you can see the camera focused on the female character coming out of the house while the characters in front are faded out, which suggests how she is a main/ important character. The camera follows these characters then close-ups which cut to one perspective to another are shown. The characters appear to have some sort of bond as towards the end of the end of this segment, it doesn't take too much to convince him to help her out.

The sound on this scene is the background noise of the police outside the house while the dialogue between these two characters remains as the dominating sound indicating that these are both important characters.

The woman shown isn't at all treated like a damsel in distress character but appears as a serious and independent woman who appears to take her job very seriously. She appears to be around her mid-to late thirty's and wears a grey coat with a dark turtle neck. This presents a certain tone to this character as someone who is serious about her job as later on during the scene her boy accidentally called his nanny 'mum' which suggests she focuses on her work in the police more.

The scene the jump cuts to a sort of montage of the Tony - the male main character, viewing the case files in which this scene jumps to one file to the next hastening his deduction on the files. There is a predominant use of shaky cam in this clip which suggests haste and as they appear to be on a case.

The non diegetic music is shown to emphasize the intensity as he checks the files in hopes of helping the female protagonist. This shows that they have a deep partnership while it's implied that he isn't officially part of the police rather helping out the female protagonist.

The mise en scene appears to be based around a urban/suburban setting. The use of colours don't look vibrant as it is also set during the autumn/winter months as they wear coats. The scenery appears dark and depressing suggesting the dark tone of the show due to lack of vibrancy and washed out. The characters themselves seem ordinary while they look middle class rather than lower or higher class.

Tony appears also around his mid to late thirty's while he seems a little more laid back compared to the more serious female lead as he is also very well liked by her son when he appears. His appearance is also quite similar as his wears dark colours as well which suggests this TV show's premise is quite serious since the colours appear sort of washed out and lack vibrancy. He appears to get along well with the woman's son as they appear to bond quite well while watching TV also it appears that the son has a somewhat more open relationship with Tony in comparison.

Another scene shown presents what appears to be thugs in a sort of crack den looking area. The scene begins with an establishing shot of the outside of the house while a car pulls in which closes up to another character introduced. Characters presented are dressed in dark coats which suggests a cold atmosphere quite literally as it may be set during the colder months which reinforce the the cold a almost dark atmosphere presented as there isn't any vibrancy as the colours appear to be more saturated.

The use of camera is always up close and doesn't stray too far from characters as they like to show the facial expressions of the characters and also the characters are more presented than the setting itself as the show possibly focuses on character expressions on different situations so that the audience can identify the characters better rather than the bleak looking setting.

The female portrayal shows a female lead who appears as someone who takes their job seriously while the male character shown alongside her appears more laid back compared to her which shows contrasting characters. The main bald thug shown appears violent and in control of the other criminals which shows almost a hyper masculinity in this character.

Gender key terms

Gender - the state of being male or female

Archetype - a very typical example of a certain person or thing.

Stereotype - a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Hegemonic norms - The processes by which dominant culture maintains dominant position. E.g the use of institutions to formalize power.

Mediation -  is a process media companies such as newspaper companies go through to alter information that is within the Newspaper, News Report, Documentary etc. 

Male gaze theory - The male gaze is a concept coined by feminist film critic Laura Mulvey. It refers to the way visual arts are structured around a masculine viewer. It describes the tendency in visual culture to depict the world and women from a masculine point of view and in terms of men's attitudes.

clip analysis #2

I will be analysing gender on a clip from 'The Cops'. During the course of the clip there were more males shown while at the police station while at the start a female shown appears to be a main character of the show.
           
At the start of the scene you can see the camera focused on the female character heading to the police station while the camera is placed very close to keep the character in focus while the characters in the background are not shown but the non-diegetic sound adds to the rushed situation as it appears she is late for work. The camera is then used to follow her while keeping it as a very close mid shot throughout the scene which gives a sense of claustrophobia. The characters of the force later appear to have some sort of bond and familiarity as towards the end of the end of this segment they all converse.
               
The woman shown at the start appears very feminine with long her and a show of skin at the start while she practically strips when she reaches the changing rooms. At the start of the scene there is a close up of her removing her make up which directly links to femininity and from this scene alone you wouldn't assume she was a police officer due to her appearance at the beginning. She appears to be around her mid-to late 20s and wears a blue coat with while not wearing a top underneath. You could assume she likes to party as she appears like she came from a club and this could suggest how she behaves differently at work. Her appearance at work includes that she tied her hair up and is in uniform which looks drastically different than her in the beginning.
The scene moves without any cuts, to a new sergeant as it is mentioned that the late sergeant past away or got killed. It is hard to assume who the main character is but for the assumed protagonist at the start appears to be in more focus than the others while at the changing room there is a mid shot of all the police officers while the camera is made to stay on them. There is a predominant use of shaky cam in this clip which makes it more genuine.
         
 There are no cuts shown as the camera is made to stay. During the changing room scene the audience can see that the camera isn't made to stay still but appears as a handheld as when the characters are speaking, the camera is made to zoom in rather than a cut to a close up which shows how realistic the scene is as the scene carries out without a cut or transition to the next scene while the camera follows them to the next scene.

The female shown at the start is a lot less talkative compared to the other female officers as she appears to be taking on most of the conversation during the scene while she appears to have a good relationship to all the other police officers. The diegetic sound along with the close camera shots demonstrate how small and confined also it gives more attention to the characters rather than the setting.

The mise en scene mostly takes place in the police station. While not much is shown, the characters are more focused on which tells the audience that this is about the characters more than the setting.
The police station itself shows a male dominated area while the two female officers shown have different portrayals.

The female in focus appears to be feminine and perhaps a party girl as she has long, blonde hair and wears make up also the beginning scene shows that she could be a rookie as she is more quieter to the other male officers compared to the other female shown who interacts with most of the males. The 'protagonist' is shown interacting more with the other female character that does not appear at the changing room which suggests that she feels more comfortable with women.

Camera Shots

Camera shots

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dawdUBRFuYI - panning



http://www.myfilmstories.com/classic-camera-angles-and-shots/

Establishing shot - An establishing shot in film making and television production sets up, or establishes the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects. It is generally a long- or extreme-long-shot at the beginning of a scene indicating where, and sometimes when, the remainder of the scene takes place.


Master shot - A master shot is a film recording of an entire dramatized scene, from start to finish, from an angle that keeps all the players in view. It is often a long shot and can sometimes perform a double function as an establishing shot.

Close-up - A close-up or close up in film making, television production, still photography and the comic strip medium is a type of shot, which tightly frames a person or an object. Close-ups are one of the standard shots used regularly with medium shots and long shots cinematic photography.


Mid-shot - In film, a medium shot is a camera angle shot from a medium distance.


Long-shot -  (sometimes referred to as a full shot or a wide shot) typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings. 

Wide shot - In the wide shot, the subject takes up the full frame.

Two shot - A two shot is a type of shot employed in the film industry in which the frame encompasses a view of two people.

Aerial shot - A shot taken from a helicopter or a person on top of a building. Not necessarily a moving shot. The main source of light is behind the subject, silhouetting it, and directed toward the camera.

Point of view - A shot which shows the scene from the specific point of view of one of the characters

Clip Analysis

Clip analysis

 I will be analysing how different ages are presented on a clip of ‘Waterloo Road’

The scene begins with a low level close up that pans on moving feet. The scene then cuts to a full body shot of the two boys later also revealing earlier it was a teacher shown at the start. The scene cuts a close up to the camera being hidden away and both boys. It is then followed by a short pan of the two boys and the teacher.

 There are close ups when each character is talking to emphasise the dialogue. Once the camera is revealed there is a low mid shot of the teacher holding it. When the lady teacher is introduced there is a pan of her walking towards the three characters followed by a mid-shot of all the characters standing together. Every time there is a new situation shown, it includes a mid-shot that introduces the character as well as several pans to show the movement.

The footage is cut into different situations such as from the start with the camera incident, to the boy passing on information on a school incident. All these cuts to new scenes demonstrate how there are many issues presented that are mostly teenage oriented but also show adult characters.

This gives perspective on two different generations and how all the issues aren’t just school issues. The ages here present how the characters each get in to situations and how the programme is not just about teenage issues but how the link to adults and how the adults get mixed up into them. Music is also added in to effect the scene.

Sound from the start mostly came from dialogue and background noise however there is also music shown.

The scene where the man is dressed in what he considers ‘youthful’ cuts to almost cheesy rap music that mocks the appearance of the man as ongoing lookers and the students both show humorous expressions in the current situation.

This also demonstrate how age is interpreted, as the man appears in mockingly youthful clothing where he thinks it might appeal to the other students while the truth is that they find him funny to look at as he looks humorous in his outfit. The students mockingly laugh at him showing how teenagers and adults have different perspectives. The music is generally considered youthful and quite cheesy which highlights how the setting is in a high school which is filled with youths.

The mise-en-scene is a high school, symbolically it presents how children from primary school begin to mature and eventually grow into young men and women. While this is a high school setting there are adult characters shown primarily as teachers. The audience sees both adult and teenage perspectives and it shows how each of the characters react to each situation. The scenes transition quickly from classroom, to corridor etc. The setting is a generic and textbook example of a high school as someone who is in a high school I can see the similarities there are to it and how the layouts and teachers are. The starting scene demonstrates a clear distinct age difference with the similar aged students and the senior teacher dressed in professional attire while the next teacher that shows up is dressed quite casually showing three different generations. The high school setting comes with a lot of mundane to somewhat less mundane situations that are realistic portraying high school life.

The camera shots used such as close ups details the differences in age and detail the character appearance and dialogue. The students themselves all are in uniform of course with facial expressions and facial appearance highlighting their personalities rather than outward appearance.

The First teacher introduced shows a posh looking old teacher that also contrasts in terms of accent compared to the two boys presented in the beginning. He appears to show a dislike towards the boys as they may have been known by the teacher to misbehave. He appears to be smug once it is revealed that the camera they attempted to be kept hidden was revealed showing his satisfaction for busting the students.

The first teacher is dressed in a professional suit which presents a sort of authoritarian look compared to the students and when compared to the next teacher shown in the scene it demonstrates personalities presented on the programme both adult and teen.

The next teacher shown appears quite casual and somewhat contrasts the appearance of any character shown on the clip as she is the only one on the clip wearing a bright top. This also compared to the older teacher shows a younger adult presented.

The next student ‘Amy’ appears to show issues at home and clearly appears to be angered by his parents. Her personality shown suggests that she is very blunt and hard headed as later on she is seen confronting another student.

The next adults are then shown, like mentioned earlier we can see the so called outfit the man is wearing something rather embarrassing and doesn't seem to be well received amongst the students as it appears rather humorous.

There are many scenarios shown in just a 5 minute clip which shows how each of the characters have their own problems but may intertwine with each other though some situations seem mundane and set the mood more than others as a school filled with drama.

Other all we, can see that the students each carry their own personalities and perspectives as the situation changes from each transition along with the points of view from adults as the story itself is about the staff, students and adults linked to the students. Age is also presented in different ways as adults of different ages are shown differently while the youth of the show have their own types of personalities that make stands them out along with the scenarios they are involved with. This shows how busy with issues there are in the school.

Reverse Storyboard

At the start of the clip, there is a pan shot over the two toilets, stopping at the two ladies. The toilets appear gritty and dirty. It appears suspicious and a contrasting location of the school setting.

 

The camera zooms into both of the girls showing both of their close ups while also panning between them. 

It also shows the graffiti on the walls.

You can see both of their faces showing different facial expressions. They are both opposite expressions as one of the girls looks happy while the other appears to express some doubtfulness.

There is an over the head shot that shows one of the girl's surprise opposite to how she appeared earlier. They appear to be looking at another character.

 This low angle, close up shows a new character being shown where she appears to loop disappointed and appears to look down upon the other characters which can appear as she is on a higher moral ground as she appears to disagree with the use of drugs.

 This mid-shot presents all the shown characters together. The facial expressions between the two girls appear to show a disdain towards each other showing the have mutual dislike.

The close up of this girl shows that she shows dislike towards the use of drugs, which heavily contrasts the other girl that shows an opposite opinion. 

On this close up, you can see two different facial expressions with one of the girls that looks carefree which contrasts the other girl.

 The back and forth POV shots show that they are arguing over the drugs with the one girl not liking that they are using drugs whereas the other two girls showing that it isn't as serious as the girl thinks.

 The mid shot shows the girl on the far right breaking up the argument between the two girls as she is friends with both of them.

The close up of girl still shows her dislike and the disagreement between her friend doing drugs forces her to walk away from the scene.

Analysis

During the scenes in 'Monarch of the Glen' we are shown how different ages are presented. The most youthful character is Amy, who seems to come from a wealthy background due to the fact that the school presented appears privileged and high class which is a high contrast to the rural setting first presented. The head teacher also appears stereotypically 'posh' as the accent he uses further enhances the stereo-typicality of the character also including the privileged looking office he owns and the sophisticated higher class language he uses. The character 'Paul' appears as a father figure towards Amy and is revealed to be almost oblivious to the truths about Amy.

The Mise-en-Scene first presented shows a rural setting in which the people themselves use bland 'rural type' farming clothing whereas the character Amy appears in a bright and somewhat different style of clothing compared to the others. This also presents how the youths want to present there own identity. From this we can see that the audience should focus on Amy as she appears as a person of interest. During this scene we can see that she wanted to speak to her friend about something, but was eventually interrupted. This scene foreshadows the truths that were hidden from the others in the cast of characters.

The scene then transitions to Amy inside a Land Rover which she appears rather inexperienced in driving as she mutters to herself and appears somewhat confused on the driver's seat. As the scene progresses we find out that she has crashed into the a new character introduced into the clip. While the rest of the cast rush to find out about the noise that was caused, Amy runs into the arms of the other cast like a child that runs to the safety of their parents.

Thus the plot moves forward and it is found out that this character Amy crashed into was the headteacher of her school- which she ran away from. Further more, we find out that she is sixteen with an emphasis of surprise from another character by exclaiming 'sixteen?!' and 'you're still at school?'. Speculation can suggest that she ran away because she preferred the old rural environment and the family she has there as in a coming scene it is implied that she has a negative relationship with her father which is supposedly privileged.

The next scene introduced is a large contrast to the rural setting first shown. It appears far more high class and sophisticated. This scene also contrasts to the fact that Amy is not shown rather the two men: Paul and Lawrence- the head teacher. Brandy being used in conversation also contrasts to youth as alcohol is presented as mature. The conversation taken place further alludes to Amy's past as she hasn't taken any exams which can also allude to teenage rebellions as she refuses to be involved in this privileged life.

Once Paul has found out about this new found information, he confronts Amy in which it eventually leads to Amy running away, though Paul doesn't appear to be to shocked as he just shrugs it off as a tantrum alluding to how youthful she is presented.

The scene then moves to Amy in which she appears to be running away from home due to the past events taken place, The room itself appears very youthful, another contrast to the previous setting. The teddy bear symbolises a child's toy they used to cuddle with. The camera zooms in on a picture that appears to be valued to Amy presents her happy past with the current cast. The music also shows the audience that they need to be sad, giving the scene the write mood. This scene can also allude to how Amy wants to fit in as an adult leaving her childhood behind.

Throughout the scenes, Amy is presented as a youth. From her appearance, to the inexperience of her driving, including how the other characters have similar styles of clothing compared to hers; she stands out compared to the adults. Paul is presented as an everyday adult male who appears average and unassuming including the other characters. The headteacher appears as the stereotypical privileged wise old man who also stands out to the other characters due to the style of clothing, language and even age as he is appears older than the other cast. The camera used also further emphasises these characters as the camera zooms in to the introduction of the head teacher, to the camera panning on Amy at the beginning even to the back and forth of Paul and Amy demonstrating the differences of maturity between the two characters.

The bedroom scene which moves onto an older women appears contrasted to each other as the youth presented in the room does not suit the character shown also the room personifies how Amy is presented to the other cast while she wants to appear more mature, in other terms she wants to grow up as when you are younger you always want to grow up as you see these adults as role models or in Amy's case she wants to feel grown up and useful to the others.

The diegetic and non diegetic sound also represents the issues shown. The non diegetic soundtrack used in the beginning appears generic and matches the rural setting as it sounds rural and almost 'country'. The soundtrack used when Amy is in her room highlights her melancholy and wants to insight a mood in the scene.

The diegetic dialogue used when Paul confronts Amy is shown as an almost stereotypical way of portraying a disagreement with a parent and a teen. The use of 'I hate you!' also presents how a teenager may use this as means of rebelling against their parents clearly showing their disdain to the decision. The dialogue with Paul and Lawrence appears civil and understanding compared to the later scene which shows aggression on both sides.

In conclusion through the use of camera angles, soundtrack, dialogue and visuals we see that the character Amy has furthered the plot with her motivation to run away from the her father and the privileged life which she may have disagreed with. Amy yet again runs away which suggests how the adults may not understand her fragility as she repeats her past events.